The Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court, comprising Justice G.R. Swaminathan and Justice R. Poornima, has ruled that trial courts must not act as passive observers or spring unexpected adverse findings on litigants regarding uncontested issues. Setting aside a trial court’s order that dismissed a promissory note recovery suit, the High Court held that
‘Judge Should Not Sit Like a Sphinx’; Litigants Cannot Be Taken by Surprise Through Unraised Issues: Madras High Court
