In a landmark ruling with wide-reaching implications for public-private arbitration in India, the Supreme Court has declared that unilateral appointment of arbitrators by public sector undertakings (PSUs) in contractual disputes is invalid. The five-judge Constitution Bench, comprising Chief Justice of India Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud and Justices Hrishikesh Roy, P.S. Narasimha, J.B. Pardiwala, and Manoj Misra,