A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has authoritatively settled the recurring controversy regarding the determination of seniority within the Higher Judicial Services (HJS) across India. In a significant judgment delivered on November 19, 2025, the Bench comprising Justice B.R. Gavai, Justice Surya Kant, Justice Vikram Nath, Justice K. Vinod Chandran, and Justice Joymalya Bagchi

